By Trevor J. Franklin, George Alan Snow
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Sample text
No single synthase appears to be essential for cell viability but the loss of all three in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is lethal. Chitin synthase exists in analogous isozymic forms in Candida albicans and possibly in other pathogenic fungi. The variable susceptibility of fungi to polyoxins and nikkomycins may be due to differences in the distribution and sensitivities of the isoforms to these antibiotics. Another factor which determines susceptibility to polyoxins is their transport into fungal cells by a permease that normally carries dipeptides.
Ann. Rev. Microbial. 48,471-97. E. (1994). Elastic, flexible peptidoglycan and bacterial cell wall properties. Trends Microbial. 2, 57-60. H, and Tkacz, ],S. (1995). The fungal cell wall as a drug target. Trends Microbial, 3, 98. Ghuysen, ],-M. (1991). Serine [3-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins. Ann. Rev. Microbial. 45, 3767, Ghuysen, ],-M, et al. (1996). Penicillin and beyond: evolution, protein fold, multimodular polypeptides and multi protein complexes. Microb. Drug Resist. 2, 163-75.
Bacteria suspended in a medium of high osmotic pressure are protected from concentrations of the antibiotic that would cause lysis and '/ COOH I C~CH)---CHNH2 I " [ ~3 NHCH{CH~NHCO all Gram-negative bacteria, although small amounts have been detected in Proteus mirabilis. 26 (L) Lysine (58) Cysteine (1) .. 8 Teichoic acid and its linkage to peptidoglycan in the wall of Staphylococcus aureus . 9 Lipoprotein and its linkage to peptidoglycan in the envelope of Escherichia coli . death in a normal medium.